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The physical and chemical factors that provide protection from disease in the skin and mucous membranes are the many layers of closely packed, keratinized cells, in the epidermis that provides a formidable physical barrier to the entrance of microbes. The epithelial layer of mucous membranes secret a fluid called mucus that is sticky and traps microbes and foreign substances. The lacrimal apparatus produces and drains away tears in response to irritants, diluting microbes and keep them from setting on the surface of the eyes. Sebaceous glands of the skin secrete an oil substance called sebum that forms a protective film over the surface of the skin. Perspiration helps flush microbes from the surface of the skin and contains lysozyme, an enzyme capable of breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria.

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