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Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. The hardness of enamel is an important property as the main role of enamel is to protect the softer underlying dentin of the tooth. Enamel also serves as the surface for chewing grinding crushing of food and this is another reason for its hardness.

The high mineral content makes enamel the hardest component and also most resistant to bacterial attack since there is little organic matter present. A flaw of enamels hardness though is that it is prone to chipping and splitting as it is a brittle substance.

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