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Standard insulin is an extract taken from the pancreases of cattle from slaughterhouses. However not all diabetics respond well to animal insulin.

Genetic engineering has provided a way to manufacture actual human insulin for diabetics that can't use animal insulin. The human insulin gene (edited to remove the introns, which bacteria can't process correctly) is inserted into the chromosome of a bacterium and the bacteria are allowed to grow. Once they have a pure culture of the modified bacteria they are grown in large fermentation tanks. The bacteria produce and secrete the human insulin into the liquid in the tank and as this liquid is circulated to replenish the food for the growing bacteria the insulin is extracted. Some additional processing is needed to perform some steps that the bacteria can't do, the end result is true human insulin.

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