Gas exchange in a perch occurs primarily through its gills, which are specialized organs located on either side of its head. Water enters the mouth, flows over the gill filaments, and oxygen from the water diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses out into the water. The gills have a large surface area and are richly supplied with blood vessels, facilitating efficient gas exchange. This process allows the perch to take in oxygen for respiration and expel carbon dioxide, supporting its metabolic needs.
The gas occurs by simple diffusion through the cells.
the alveolus
in the leave
gills
gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries
in their gills.
In the alveoli
lungs
Gas exchange does not occur in the pleura. The pleura is a membrane that lines the outside of the lungs and inside of the chest cavity. Gas exchange, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is removed, happens in the alveoli of the lungs.
Capillaries
Between the avioli and the lungs.
Gaseous exchange takes place when the volume of the chest cavity is increased or decreased.