When it comes to the rabies virus, it cannot live outside the body of the vector host for more than a few seconds. The moment the virus is put out of the salivary glands of the animal, the virus will die. Rabies is affected by temperature and moisture similar to other viruses.
Aerosol transmission is exceptionally rare, though possible. Contamination of this type is almost exclusive to laboratory workers and people who handle infected animals.
Rabies can not live independently in an aerosolized state and must be passed through contaminated fluids ejected into the air. An infected person or animal would have to spray a susceptible area (eyes, nose, open wound, etc.) with contaminated fluid thus passing the virus.
However, in cases where an animal has succumbed to the rabies virus, the virus can continue to live in the animal for nearly 48 hours after death. That is why it is prudent not to touch dead animals that you find in the wild. Common animals that carry this virus include raccoons, groundhogs, opossums, bats and skunks.
No. HIV needs a host. It does not live long, outside the body.
Hep B can live for up to a week outside the body.
Depending on the virus, it can live for several minutes up to a week or more depending on the environmental conditions.
Aids depends on the right conditions to survive. it will not survive for long outside a live host.
few seconds
Tapeworms can live in a host for 5-10 years.
If you are asking if a virus can live very long without its host, then no. Viruses aren't alive in the first place. Because viruses can't reproduce on their own, they are not considered living organisms. Because they aren't living to begin with, they cannot die.
1 day
A cold virus can typical live for a day in a medicine bottle. This virus cannot last longer than this without a host.
Months
It depends on the kind of Bacteria you are talking about. Most do not depend on a host and live on their own. Some, such as E. coli can live outside a host at least for some time. A few are entirely dependent on a host.
To continue to replicate and exist, a flu virus must be in a host animal's cells. They can be grown in cultures (and eggs) for creating vaccines, but need a living host for long term activity and to "live".