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Actually a chromosome consists of many genes/alleles and is neither recessive or dominant in and of itself.
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Each gene has a dominate and recessive allele, so there are two types of alleles in each gene. The dominate allele is stronger than the recessive allele unless there are two recessive alleles.
A gene with one completely dominant allele and two recessive alleles can produce two different traits. The dominant allele will express its trait regardless of whether it is paired with another dominant or a recessive allele, while the two recessive alleles will express their trait only when paired together. Therefore, the possible combinations of alleles result in one dominant trait and one recessive trait.
Two (together).
For a person to express a recessive trait, such as having a big thumb, they must inherit two copies of the recessive allele, one from each parent. This means that both parents must either be carriers of the recessive allele (heterozygous) or express the trait themselves (homozygous recessive). If a person has a big thumb, it indicates that they possess the recessive alleles from both parents.
The reason many harmful alleles are recessive is because the harmful alleles that were dominant stopped the carrier from reproducing so the allele was not carried on. A dominant trait is expressed if present and would harm the carrier. A recessive trait however can remain in the genotype of an individual and not the phenotype so they will not be harmed by the trait but can pass it on to offspring. In short: dominant harmful alleles stopped the carriers from producing so the allele was not spread.
A gene with one completely dominant allele and one recessive allele can produce two different traits in a population. Individuals with two dominant alleles (homozygous dominant) and those with one dominant and one recessive allele (heterozygous) will exhibit the dominant trait, while only individuals with two recessive alleles (homozygous recessive) will display the recessive trait. Therefore, the two traits produced are the dominant trait and the recessive trait.
A recessive gene will stay with a person for their entire life. Whether it will become obvious that the person is carrying a recessive gene is dependant upon how many copies of the recessive gene the person carries - the effects of a recessive gene will only become obvious if two copies of the gene are carried. Excluding the option of undergoing DNA testing for the recessive gene in question, it is perfectly feasible for a person to live the whole of their life whilst never knowing they carry a recessive gene for a certain condition.