The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, typically around 10-12 cm long, with a smooth outer surface and an inner medulla containing nephrons for filtration. Ureters are slender tubes, approximately 25-30 cm long, that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, featuring muscular walls for peristaltic movement. The bladder is a muscular, expandable sac that can hold about 400-600 mL of urine, while the urethra is a thin tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, varying in length between genders.
The major components of a routine urinalysis include physical characteristics (color, clarity), chemical analysis (pH, glucose, protein), and microscopic examination (red blood cells, white blood cells, casts). These components help evaluate kidney function, detect urinary tract infections, and identify other health issues.
Cystic is an adjective meaning related to the urinary bladder or gallbladder. Words used to describe a bladder include urinary, distended, leaky, and neurogenic.
Urolithiasis is the medical term used to describe stones occurring in the urinary tract. Other frequently used terms are urinary tract stone disease and nephrolithiasis. Doctors also use terms that describe the location of the stone in the urinary tract. For example, a ureteral stone-or ureterolithiasis-is a kidney stone found in the ureter. Source: Wikipedia
Urinary incontinence can be classified into Functional Incontinence, where you cannot reach the toilet in time due to lack of mobility. Stress Urinary Incontinence when the ladder unexpectedly leaks due to pressure from physical exertion. Urge Urinary Incontinence when the
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to evaluate the structure of the bladder and identify bladder disorders, such as tumors, or recurrent urinary tract infections.
It is a type of urinary incontinence wherein, the bladder unexpectedly leaks due to pressure from physical exertion. Women experience this kind of incontinence often.
Urine specimens are inoculated on CLED (cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient) agar because this medium supports the growth of most urinary pathogens while inhibiting the growth of normal urinary flora. It allows for the differentiation of different bacterial species based on colony characteristics and lactose fermentation. CLED agar is also able to identify the presence of UTI-causing organisms such as E. coli, Proteus, and Enterococcus.
A narrowing of the urinary tract, in which urine backs up and injures the kidneys. About 10% of these obstructions require prenatal surgery to prevent multiple abnormalities and depleted amniotic fluid.
No, palpation of the symphysis pubis is not a reliable method for assessing urinary retention. A more accurate way to assess urinary retention is through a focused history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as ultrasound or bladder scan.
Individuals who have control over their own urination and have a fully functioning urinary tract, but cannot make it to the bathroom in time due to a physical or cognitive disability, are functionally incontinent.
Incontinence is a term used for the loss of control over bowel or bladder. Urinary incontinence and fecal inconntinence have many physical-biological causes.