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HPV is a sexually-transmitted infection. Contracting one of the high-risk subtypes of HPV increases your risks of Cervical cancer. These subtypes may also cause anal cancer, oral and laryngeal cancer, or (rarely) penile or vulvar cancer. Other subtypes may cause genital warts.

Most men and women who contract HPV, even the high risk subtypes, will naturally clear the infection via their own immune systems. The vast majority will never be aware they were infected.

A few women may have HPV-related pap smear abnormalities. The high-risk subtypes that cause cervical dysplasia are unlikely to cause warts. A pap smear checks for these minor, noncancerous abnormalities to identify patients who need further testing, such as colposcopy. Because clearance of HPV and dysplasia are common, particularly in young women, the most recent guidelines recommend increased testing frequency but fewer colposcopies.

With the vast majority of adults having a history of HPV at some point in their lives, anyone having sex with a new partner must assume that the partner has been exposed to HPV. A new couple quickly exchanges the subtypes of HPV they have brought into the relationship. HPV is a normal consequence of having sex.

A person who shows symptoms of HPV-related disease, whether warts or abnormal Pap smears, can not make any assumptions about the timing of the initial infection that led to the disease. It may be many years after exposure before a woman has an abnormal pap smear.

You and your partner can lower the risk of HPV disease by limiting the number of partners, avoiding cigarette smoking, and getting the HPV vaccine. Condoms lower the risk of other types of infections, but have little effect on the prevention of HPV and herpes.

Do you have an obligation to warn your partner, perhaps so that they can warn their future partners? You certainly have an obligation to be open about your sexual and health history before having sex with a new partner. Both partners should complete testing before having contact that could lead to exchange of infections. Both partners should be aware that there is no commercially available test to determine if a person is currently carrying and/or capable of transmitting HPV. That is why you should not have sexual intercourse with a new partner if you are not comfortable with the idea that they have probably been infected with HPV already.

To suggest that a warning to your current partner's future partners is medically indicated or ethically warranted doesn't make sense given the science of infection.

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12y ago

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