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What else can I help you with?
Which foods can cause the illness Shigellosis?
Shigela flexneri or shigella sonnei
What are some names of bad microbes?
S. aureus, E. coli, P. auriginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholera.
What groups of Shigella produce the severest and mildest attacks?
S. dysenteriae generally produces the most severe attacks, and S. sonnei the mildest attacks of shigellosis.
Which bacteria come under paracolons?
Its currently an obsolete term. Previously used to denote the late lactose fermentors like Shigella sonnei, citrobacter etc.
What are results for an LIA test of shigella sonnei?
i did tests on shigella dysenteriae the tube was purple top yellow bottome for the decarboxylase and purple top and bottom with a yellow mid for the LIA control meaning that the organism can utilise lysine as the tube has gone purple at the bottom
Can shigella sonnei be a lactose non fermenter My tests are as followed TSI KA Methyl red VP - citrate - urea - NO3 degraded to NO2 H2S - motility -. all points to shigella but it's nonferm?
S.sonnei is not a true lactose fermenting bacteria (see.. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=271578&blobtype=pdf)But is a delayed lactose fermenter as it does not have the enzyme permease to transport lactose through its cell wall.However an ONPG lactose fermenting test does not require permease to allow the bacterium to ferment lactose so in an ONPG test the shigella sonnei will appear as lactose fermenting positive.Hope this helps!!2nd year BMS student
What bacteria are non-lactose ferment er?
Mnemonic: KEE Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae E. coli Shigella sonnei can ferment lactose, but only after prolonged incubation and so it is referred to as a '''''late-lactose fermenter'''''. Vibrio cholerae is also a late lactose fermenter.
What is this sulfameth trimethoprim used for?
It works for a wide variety of infections. Here are some uses: Oral treatment of urinary tract infections due to E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp, M. morganii, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris; acute otitis media in children; acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults due to susceptible strains of H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae; treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis (PCP); traveler's diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E. coli; treatment of enteritis caused by Shigella flexneri or Shigella sonnei.
Shigellosis?
DefinitionShigellosis is an acute bacterial infection of the lining of the intestines.Alternative NamesShigella gastroenteritis; Shigella enteritis; Enteritis - shigella; Gastroenteritis - shigellaCauses, incidence, and risk factorsShigellosis is caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella.There are several types of Shigella.Shigella sonnei, also called "group D" Shigella, is responsible for most cases of shigellosis in the United States.Shigella flexneri, or "group B" Shigella, cause almost all other cases.Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is rare in the U.S. but can lead to deadly outbreaks in developing countries.People infected with the bacteria release it into their stool. The bacteria can spread from an infected person to contaminate water or food, or directly to another person. Getting just a little bit of the Shigella bacteria into your mouth is enough to cause symptoms.Outbreaks of shigellosis are associated with poor sanitation, contaminated food and water, and crowded living conditions.Shigellosis is common among travelers in developing countries and workers or residents of refugee camps.There are about 18,000 cases of shigellosis per year in the United States. The condition is most commonly seen in day care centers and similar places.SymptomsSymptoms usually develop about 1 to 7 days (average 3 days) after you come in contact with the bacteria.Symptoms include:Acute (sudden) abdominal pain or crampingAcute (sudden) feverBlood, mucus, or pus in stoolCrampy rectal pain (tenesmus)Nausea and vomitingWatery diarrheaSigns and testsDehydration with fast heart rate and low blood pressureAbdominal tendernessElevated white blood cell countStool cultureWhite blood cells in stoolTreatmentThe symptoms usually last 2 to 7 days. The goal of treatment is to replace fluids and electrolytes (salt and minerals) lost in diarrhea.Medications that stop diarrhea are generally not given because they may prolong the course of the disease.Self-care measures to avoid dehydration include drinking electrolyte solutions to replace the fluids lost by diarrhea. Several varieties of electrolyte solutions are now available over the counter.Antibiotics can help shorten the length of the illness and help prevent it from spreading to others in group living or day care situations. They may also be prescribed for patients with severe symptoms. Frequently used antibiotics include sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim), ampicillin, ciprofloxacin (Cipro), or azithromycin.Persons with diarrhea who cannot drink fluids by mouth because of nausea may need medical attention and fluids through a vein ( intravenously).This is especially common in small children.Persons who take diuretics ("water pills") may need to stop taking such medicines if they have acute shigella enteritis. Never stop taking any medicine without first talking to your health care provider.Expectations (prognosis)Often the infection is mild and goes away on its own. Most patients, except malnourished children and those with weakened immune systems, have an excellent outlook.ComplicationsComplications may include:Dehydration - severeHemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a form of kidney failure with anemia and clotting problemsReactive arthritisUp to 40% of children with severe shigella enteritis develop neurological problems including febrile seizures or brain disease (encephalopathy) with headache, lethargy, confusion, and stiff neck.Calling your health care providerCall your provider if diarrhea does not improve, if there is blood in the stool, or if there are signs of dehydration.Go to the emergency room if the following occur in a person with shigellosis:ConfusionHeadache with stiff neckLethargySeizuresSuch symptoms are most common in children.PreventionPrevention involves the proper handling, storage, and preparation of food, in addition to good cleanliness. Hand washing is the most effective preventive measure. Avoid contaminated food and water.ReferencesDuPont HL. Shigella species (bacillary dysentery). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 224.Ochoa TJ, Cleary TG. Shigella. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 196.
What are the health benefits of thyme?
The volatile oil components of thyme include carvacrol, borneol, geraniol, and thymol. Thyme can:Protect your cellular membranes against free radical damage: Thymol is the primary volatile oil constituent of thyme. Thymol protects and significantly increase the percentage of healthy fats in cell membranes and other cell structures. In particular, it increases the amount of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid) in brain, kidney, and heart cells. Thyme also contains a variety of flavonoids, including apigenin, naringenin, luteolin, and thymonin. These flavonoids increase thyme's antioxidant capacity, and combined with its manganese, make thyme a powerful antioxidant food. Fresh thyme also contains the antioxidant carotenoids alpha and beta carotene, monoterpenes, phenolic acids, and hydrocinnamic acids.Kill pathogens: The volatile oil components of thyme have antimicrobial activity against many bacteria and fungi, inclucing Staphalococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sonnei. For thousands of years, herbs and spices have been used to help preserve foods and protect them from microbial contamination. Both thyme and basil contain substances that can both prevent contamination and decontaminate foods. Thyme essential oil can decontaminate lettuce inoculated with Shigella, an infectious organism that triggers diarrhea and may cause significant intestinal damage. In addition, washing produce in solution containing either basil or thyme essential oil at the very low concentration of just 1% resulted in dropping the number of Shigella bacteria below the point at which they could be detected. Thymol inhibits the ability of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus to adhere to human cells, disrupts the bacterial cell wall and causes the cytoplasm to leak out, and is used to treat hookworms and other parasites. Carvacrol is effective against a variety of bacteria and fungi. It makes sense to include thyme and basil in more of your recipes, particularly for foods that are eaten raw. Adding fresh thyme or basil to your next vinaigrette will not only enhance the flavor of your fresh greens, but will help ensure that the produce is safe to eat.Fight inflammation: Thymol, carvacrol, caffeic acid, and luteolin found in thyme are anti-iflammatory.Provide nutrients: Thyme an excellent source of vitamin K, iron, and manganese, a very good source of calcium, and a good source of fiber.
