Activities of the cholinergic system are divided into two main categories: muscarinic and nicotinic. Both actions involve modulation of pain perception. Anything which increases the presence of Acetylcholine in the synaptic space is found to produce analgesia.
Neostigmine and donepezil being cholinesterase inhibitors are used in pain relief because of increasing acetylcholine in synapses through this action. Benzodiazepines act as analgesics through their action of enhancing Ach release.
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is the primary chemical transmitter released at the neuromuscular junction. It binds to acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle contraction.
The neurotransmitter released at the axon bulb is acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine is also the principal neurotransmitter in all autonomic ganglia. In alternative fashion, acetylcholine can activate non-specific cation the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine nicotinic a highly polar, charged ammonium group, acetylcholine does not penetrate lipid membranes.
The critical transmitter at the junction where neurons meet skeletal muscles is acetylcholine (ACh). When a motor neuron is stimulated, it releases acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction, binding to receptors on the muscle fiber's membrane. This binding triggers depolarization of the muscle cell, leading to muscle contraction. Thus, acetylcholine is essential for communication between the nervous system and skeletal muscles.
Nor-adrenaline is secreted at post ganglionic sympathetic synapses. There is re-uptake of Nor-adrenaline by nerve ending and only partially destroyed there by the enzyme C.O.M.T. There is no enzyme like acetylcholinesterase present there as in post ganglionic parasympathetic synapse to destroy the acetylcholine.
neurotransmitter like serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine. These are molecules that transmit signals across synapses in the nervous system to regulate various processes such as mood, movement, and memory.
Glutamic acid (glutamate) is probably the most abundant excitatory transmitter. Others can be excitatory, such as acetylcholine, and some peptides. Aspartate is also excitatory. Finally, serotonin is often found to be exctitatory.
acetylcholine
Parasympathetic system has acetylcholine as its chemical mediator.
The chemical neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine attaches to what is known as a muscarinic receptor. This brings the body back to "rest and digest", and relaxes it from the "fight or flight" response.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.