somatic
Controlled stress
No. The sympathetic nervous system is excitatory. It works via epinephrine and norepinephrine to put the body on a state of alert, vigilance, and action. The parasympathetic nervous system (controlled mainly by acetylcholine) is relaxing and calming.
The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland, is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates the release of catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline during stress. In contrast, the adrenal cortex, the outer layer, is regulated by hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland and other factors like the renin-angiotensin system and cortisol levels, which influence its production of corticosteroids.
Deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness meditation are effective techniques for decreasing sympathetic nervous system firing. These practices help activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress response.
Yes, stress can affect the nervous system by triggering the release of stress hormones like cortisol, which can impact brain function, nerve signaling, and overall nervous system function. Chronic stress can lead to conditions like anxiety, depression, and even contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
When you are nervous, your body releases stress hormones that can affect your bladder muscles, causing the need to urinate more frequently. This is a common physiological response to stress and anxiety.
the parasympathetic nervous system.
Erections occur when blood flow increases to the penis, causing it to become firm and erect. This process is controlled by the nervous system and can be influenced by factors such as arousal, stress, hormones, and overall health.
No, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" functions and promotes relaxation. The stress response is typically initiated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
The stress response can impact the nervous system by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. This can lead to increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and other physical changes to help the body respond to a perceived threat or challenge. Over time, chronic stress can have negative effects on the nervous system, leading to issues like anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function.
parasympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system responds to stress by releasing adrenaline and increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate to prepare the body for a "fight or flight" response.