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When the erythrocytes are destroyed, haemoglobin breaks down, the heme part of it goes through a series of transformation:

Heme → biliverdin (green pigment)

biliverdin → bilirubin (orange-yellow pigment)

Bilirubin + blood albumin → bound bilirubin (in peripheral blood)

Bound bilirubin + glucuronic acid → conjugated bilirubin. (in liver)

Conjugated bilirubin + intestinal bacteria → several pigments, including

- stercobolin (orange-brown pigment, excreted in feces) and

- urobilinogen (reabsorbed into bile/blood, finally excreted in urine)

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