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A backflow occurs when blood flows in the wrong direction within the heart or blood vessels. Blood flow is maintained by the action of muscles in surrounding tissues squeezing the heart and blood vessels. This provides pressure that causes the blood to move, and backflow is prevented by one-way valves keeping the flow of blood going in the correct direction. The tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, prevent the blood from flowing the wrong way within the heart. Valves between the heart and the aorta and pulmonary artery prevent backflow of blood after the heart contracts. If valves become weakened by disease or blocked by blood clots or plaque so they do not close properly, backflow may occur.

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