vaccines
There are many types of immunoglobulin within the body. They are part of the immune response which the body activates when a pathogen/bacteria/virus enters the body. The body responds by initiating an innate response in which pathogens are phagocytosed (literally eating) by defense cells. The immunoglobulins help recognise these pathogens and tell the body that they are a foreign material so they can be destroyed.
Immunity.
It depends what sort of pathogen it is and what cells are infected but in general the infected cell is destroyed by lymphocytes and then engulfed by a phagocyte to get rid of what is left.
The initial protective response of the body includes inflammation, white blood cell recruitment, and activation of the immune system to defend against pathogens or injury. This response is essential for containing and eliminating threats to the body's well-being.
E.g hemoglobin
Antibodies are protein-containing substances that play a crucial role in defense by recognizing and neutralizing harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses. These proteins are produced by the immune system in response to foreign invaders to help protect the body from infections.
Microbiologists, immunologists, and epidemiologists are scientists who study pathogens. Microbiologists focus on the characteristics and behavior of pathogens, immunologists study the body's immune response to pathogens, and epidemiologists investigate how pathogens spread in populations.
The major advantage of antiserum is its ability to provide immediate immunity or treatment by containing pre-formed antibodies specific to a particular antigen. This allows for rapid immune response against pathogens or toxins.
The third line of defense against pathogens in the body is called the adaptive immune response. This response involves the activation of specific lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, which recognize and target specific pathogens. Unlike the innate immune response, the adaptive response develops memory for previously encountered pathogens, allowing for a faster and more effective response upon re-exposure. This system is crucial for long-term immunity and protection against various diseases.
Multiple sclerosis
Antigens
The organ that detects pathogens in the lymph is the lymph node. Lymph nodes contain immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, which monitor the lymph fluid for foreign substances, including pathogens. When pathogens are detected, the immune cells initiate an immune response to help eliminate the threat. This process is crucial for the body's immune surveillance and response to infections.