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Overall, the air we breathe out contains less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, more water vapour and the same amounts of other gases compared to the air we breathe in. Uptake of gases by the lungs depends on diffusion. That means that substances pass from where they are in high concentration to where they are in lower concentration. In the alveoli of the lungs just after an in breath the air is rich in oxygen and the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli is poor in oxygen, so overall oxygen diffuses into the blood. (The reverse is true for carbon dioxide.) As for the other gases, if we use nitrogen as an example, there is nothing to stop it passing into the blood, and so the blood is saturated with dissolved nitrogen. It is inert so it doesn't do anything. Some nitrogen passes into the blood but just as much passes out again, so there is no effect on the amount of nitrogen in the air. The same is true of other trace gases such as argon. The difference is because the body uses up the oxygen and constantly delivers oxygen poor blood to the lungs. The same is not true of the other gases of the air which the body does not use.

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