oxygen and carbon dioxide
Red blood cells and large proteins are two substances that typically do not readily pass out of the blood vessels into surrounding tissues.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are substances that can pass out of the blood. Oxygen moves from the blood into tissues for cellular respiration, while carbon dioxide moves from tissues into the blood to be transported to the lungs for exhalation.
The Diffusion is the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the blood. So blood that is pumping through the capillaries in the lungs has a low concentration of O2 and a high concentration of CO2, in the alveoli it is high concentration O2 low concentration CO2. Therefore the 2 gases exchange across the alveoli membrane by diffusion trying to establish a concentration gradient.
what are the 2 pipes air pass through before reaching the alveoli ?
b) An alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity.[1] Found in the lung parenchyma, the pulmonary alveoli are the dead ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs oralveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well.[2] Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates.[3] The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveoli is taken up by the blood in the alveolar blood vessels, to be transported to all the cells in the body.
Oxygen O2 and Carbondioxide CO2
oxygen and glucose
By 3 main mechanisms: 1. As bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid with the aid of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase. The carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Bicarbonate ions are transported via the blood plasma to the alveoli, where the reverse process occurs to revert back to carbon dioxide. 2. Carbaminohaemoglobin Carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin. This is reversible at the alveoli. About 10% is transported this way. 3. Dissolved in blood plasma. The most straightforward way. Simply dissolve in blood plasma and bring it over to the alveoli. About 5% is transported this way.
Type 2 alveoli cells secrete surfactant, which helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli. This allows for easier expansion of the alveoli during inhalation and prevents them from collapsing during exhalation, promoting efficient gas exchange.
2 times
You cannot. It is not possible.
These are little tiny holes in the lungs.2.They're used like exchangers because they take oxygen into the lungs and push carbon dioxide out. 3. They are part of the respiratory system.