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All living things, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular beings, possess some form of immune response that helps them defend against pathogens. In simpler organisms, like bacteria and protozoa, this response may involve basic mechanisms such as phagocytosis or the production of antimicrobial compounds. Higher organisms, including plants and animals, have more sophisticated immune systems with adaptive and innate components, enabling them to recognize and remember specific pathogens. This innate ability to respond to infections is crucial for survival in a constantly changing environment.

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What is the difference between the innate immune response and the acquired immune response?

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. The acquired immune response is more specialized and involves the activation of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes that target specific pathogens based on memory from past exposures.


Explain the difference between innate response and an acquired response?

The innate immune response is the body's immediate, non-specific defense mechanism against infections. It is always ready to respond to invaders. The acquired immune response is specific to a particular pathogen and involves the production of antibodies and memory cells for long-term protection. It takes time to develop but provides a targeted defense against specific pathogens.


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