Baroreceptors
Interoceptors or visceroceptors
Interoceptors or visceroceptors
Baroreceptors
True. When blood pressure increases, baroreceptors, which are specialized sensory receptors located in the walls of blood vessels, detect the change and increase their firing rate. This heightened activity sends signals to the central nervous system to help regulate blood pressure by initiating compensatory responses, such as decreasing heart rate and dilating blood vessels.
Blood pressure receptors are found in the aorta (aortic baroreceptors) and carotid arteries (carotid sinus baroreceptors). These receptors detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to help regulate blood pressure.
Nociceptors are pain receptors that are especially abundant in the upper skin, joint capsules, the periosteum of bone and the walls of blood vessels. Very few pain receptors are located in visceral deep tissue. The three types of pain receptors are those sensitive to temperature extremes, those sensitive to mechanical damage, and those sensitive to chemicals.
The three classes of mechanoreceptors are proprioceptors (detect body position and movement), tactile receptors (detect touch, pressure, and vibration), and baroreceptors (detect pressure changes in blood vessels).
The dermis, the inner layer of skin, plays a crucial role in enabling the body to interact with the external environment through its rich supply of sensory receptors. These receptors detect various stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and pain, allowing the body to respond to changes in the environment. Additionally, the dermis contains blood vessels that regulate temperature and provide nutrients to the skin, while its connective tissue supports the skin's structure and elasticity, enhancing overall protection and sensory function.
Epinephrine is mainly a vasoconstrictor. It acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in blood vessels, causing constriction and increasing blood pressure. However, it can also dilate blood vessels in certain tissues, like skeletal muscle, through its actions on beta-adrenergic receptors.
The sympathetic nervous system regulates vasoconstriction in the body by releasing the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels. This causes the smooth muscle in the blood vessels to contract, narrowing the vessels and increasing blood pressure.
Baroreceptors are specialized sensory receptors located primarily in the walls of blood vessels, particularly in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. Their main purpose is to detect changes in blood pressure by sensing the stretch of the vessel walls. When blood pressure rises or falls, baroreceptors send signals to the central nervous system, which then initiates appropriate autonomic responses to regulate heart rate and vascular resistance, helping to maintain stable blood pressure levels.
Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It works by blocking certain receptors in the heart and blood vessels to help the heart beat more efficiently and reduce blood pressure.