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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported in the blood primarily through three methods:

  1. Dissolved in Plasma: About 7-10% of CO2 is transported dissolved directly in the plasma.
  2. Bicarbonate Ions: Approximately 70% of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in red blood cells, which then enter the plasma.
  3. Carbamino Compounds: Around 20-23% of CO2 binds to hemoglobin and other proteins, forming carbamino compounds.
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3w ago

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