Antibodies are proteins, which are macromolecules composed primarily of amino acids. They belong to the class of biomolecules known as globular proteins, characterized by their complex three-dimensional structures that enable specific binding to antigens. Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing pathogens.
immunoglobulins
They are Proteins =)
Type A blood will produce antibodies against B antigens.
gamma globulins
Antibodies belong to the class of macromolecules known as proteins. They are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens.
Antigen is a component of the immune system. It can trigger an immune response in the body by interacting with antibodies or immune cells.
According to the AB0 blood group system there are four different kinds of blood groups: A, B, AB or 0 (null). Blood group A If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group B If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. Blood group AB If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma. Blood group 0 If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
The term "hapten" does not belong in the list because it is not a complete antigen. Haptens are small molecules that can bind to antibodies, but they are unable to induce an immune response on their own.
Blood types are extremely important in blood donation! Depending on the blood type, the red blood cells have a unique antigen (a special protien) that identifies that type of blood. Antibodies will react to foreign blood types based on the antigen they exhibit. Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma. If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma. If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma. RecipientDonor OABABOYYYYA Y YB YYAB (curtesy of wikipedia) For more info visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/readmore.html
The spleen belongs to the lymphatic system in the human body. It plays a role in filtering blood, storing blood cells, and supporting the immune system by producing antibodies and removing old or damaged cells.
Limestone does not belong, as it is primarily composed of calcite, while the other three - shale, sandstone, and basalt - are all composed of different mineral compositions (clay minerals, quartz, and basaltic minerals, respectively).
T-cells are one of two white blood cells (lymphocytes) that are necessary to fight off an invader (virus, bacteria) that doesn't belong in the body. There are different types of T-cells: Helper T-cells, T-cytotoxic cells and T-suppressor cells. T-cells do not make antibodies. The other white cell necessary to fight of that invader are B cells which make antibodies. Both cells are needed for us to fight off the various invaders. It is a very complex but smoothly run "war room".