What are diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus is mainly caused by deficiency of insulin due to either destruction of Istet of Langerhans present in the pancreas or any autoimmune cause. Here there is increased blood sugar level and sugar starts to appear to come with urine. It even becomes fatal when sugar level increases very much. While Diabetes insipidus is caused by defect in secretion of vasopressin (Antidiuretic Harmone) which is secreted from pituitary gland present in hypothalamus. Its function is to reabsorb water from distal tubules in the kidney and due to this it contol the concentration of urine. But its deficiency causes increased water excretion through urine even in low intake of water.

Answer 2

Diabetes insipidus does not have the symptom of elevated blood glucose levels. It occurs when the kidney develops an inability of concentrate urine, so even when the intake of fluid reduces and output of urine does not decrease.

See also the page for diabetes mellitus on wikipedia.

Answer 3

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin in response to blood sugar. There is Type I, which is the early onset type, Type II, which is the adult onset type, and gestational, which is present during pregnancy and often resolves after delivery.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the body is unable to retain enough water for proper functioning. There are actually 4 types of DI. As with DM, DI can be a result of pregnancy and some of their symptoms of the two disorders can mimic each other.

Both disorders are treatable but not curable at this time.

Answer 4

Diabetes insipidus is simple failure to concentrate urine, because of a lack of (or resistance to) the anti-diuretic hormone Vasopressin (aka "ADH"), made in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland in the brain.

The name "Diabetes insipidus" comes from the victim's copious urine ("Diabetes" means 'funnel' or 'spout') and the 'insipidus' refers to the tasteless nature of the urine, which is mostly water.

Diabetes Mellitus refers to "sweet" (mellitus) copious urine. Again the victim urinates copiously, but this time the urine is sweet.

This is because a DM sufferer is short on a different hormone, insulin, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone's job is to regulate energy use by allowing the body to use glucose, its chief fuel for energy. If the hormone is absent or ignored, the body refuses to accept glucose from the blood. The glucose builds up in the blood, eventually being filtered out by the kidneys, where it causes the production of lots of extra-sweet urine.

Both conditions cause polyuria (excess urination), polydipsia (excess thirst/drinking), and dehydration, but for very different reasons. This is why doctors used to need to taste the urine to give a diagnosis.

Answer 5

Both diabetes mellitis and diabetes insipidus cause increased uriine production, hence the name from the Greek, Diabetes. However, diabetes mellitis is caused by problems making or using insulin, and diabetes insipidus is caused by problems making or using ADH.

There are two types of diabetes mellitus:

1. A severe, chronic form of diabetes caused by insufficient production of insulin and resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The disease, which typically appears in childhood or adolescence, is characterized by increased sugar levels in the blood and urine, excessive thirst, frequent urination, acidosis, and wasting. Also called insulin-dependent diabetes, type 1 diabetes.
2. A mild form of diabetes that typically appears first in adulthood and is exacerbated by obesity and an inactive lifestyle. This disease often has no symptoms, is usually diagnosed by tests that indicate glucose intolerance, and is treated with changes in diet and an exercise regimen. Also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes, type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is unrelated to diabetes mellitus and has nothing to do with glucose. The symptoms include excessive thirst and constant urination because of the inability of the kidneys to regulate fluid. It its most common form, called central diabetes insipidus, it is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In the second most common type, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is is caused by the kidneys being insensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It can also be caused by prescribed medications.

Answer 6

Gestational diabetes occur only while pregnant while the other one not.

Answer 7

Diabetes insipidus causes diuresis due to hormonal imbalances. Diabetes mellitus causes diuresis due to high blood sugar leaking into the urine and taking excess water along with it.