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The precise causes of all types of Parkinson disease are not known, but the common path of disease involves a loss of neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. These cells produce and release dopamine and are crucial for allowing the initiation of movement, which is one of the faculties that can be severely impaired in patients with the disease.

The classic signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are often remembered by the mnemonic TRAP:

* Tremor at rest

* Rigidity

* Akinesia (actually dyskinesia, which is the presence of involuntary movements)

* Postural instability

There is considerable research evidence that drinking alcohol (beer, wine, or liquor) reduces the risk of developing the disease.

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