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Plaque assays are laboratory techniques used to quantify the number of viable virus particles in a sample by measuring their ability to infect host cells. In this method, a diluted viral sample is added to a layer of susceptible cells, and after incubation, the formation of clear zones or "plaques" indicates areas where the virus has successfully infected and killed the cells. This provides a visual representation of viral infectivity and allows researchers to calculate the viral titer. Plaque assays are commonly used in virology for studying virus characteristics, assessing antiviral drug efficacy, and evaluating viral pathogenesis.

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