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Meningitis may be difficult to diagnose. It may occur as spinal meningitis, bacterial meningitis or viral meningitis. Spinal meningitis can only be confirmed by lumbar puncture.

There are two divisions of meningitis -- viral (caused by a virus) and bacterial (caused by one of several types and strains of bacteria residing in the throat or nasal passages). The bacterial form of meningitis is extremely dangerous, fast-moving and has the most potential for being fatal. Left untreated, it usually results in death. Threats to infants and children from meningitis include paralysis or death.

In adults there is a risk of circulatory problems as well. For many survivors, the long-term effects can be debilitating, possibly including multiple amputations (caused by gangrene), hearing loss, and kidney damage. Heart damage can result from endocarditis. There can also be neurological problems such as epilepsy and learning difficulties.

Many (but not all) forms of bacterial meningitis can be prevented in adults by vaccination.

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9y ago

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