Touch, Pressure, Temperature and Pain
Pain, pressure, touch and temperature change
Hot stimuli are detected by heat-sensitive receptors called thermoreceptors, while cold stimuli are detected by cold-sensitive receptors in the skin known as cold thermoreceptors. These receptors are specialized nerve endings that are able to detect changes in temperature and transmit this information to the brain to generate the sensation of heat or cold.
Sensory receptors are a type of sensory nerve. The sensory receptors that are specialized to respond to light energy are called stimuli.
Heat receptors detect thermal stimuli, such as higher temperatures above the baseline level. When activated, these receptors send signals to the brain, resulting in the perception of warmth or heat.
sensory neurons
Cutaneous receptors for pain are located primarily in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. They are particularly concentrated in the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, and in the underlying dermis. These receptors are responsible for detecting painful stimuli such as heat, pressure, or injury on the skin's surface.
Light - detected by photoreceptors (rods and cones) in the retina of the eye. Sound - detected by mechanoreceptors in the inner ear, such as hair cells in the cochlea. Touch - detected by mechanoreceptors in the skin, including Merkel cells, Meissner's corpuscles, and Pacinian corpuscles.
Your main sensors in the skin are those for some types of pain or touch. We can distinguish a sharp from a blunt touch, and a brushing with a wisp of cotton wool will elicit a different sensation again. Vibration is a separate touch sensation again, as is also the detection of heat and cold. Perhaps you could consider smell (olfaction) to be a skin sense, but here the smell is first dissolved in the mucus before detection. [I had a side effect of a drug, which numbed the sense of vibration - it was only felt as a blunt touch. The operand was a tuning fork, which produces a small vibration at the stem. The proper sensations returned after >12 months off the drug.]
Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes, detecting both hot and cold stimuli. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, and vibration.
Gustatory stimuli are taste sensations detected by taste buds on the tongue, palate, and throat, while olfactory stimuli are odor molecules detected by olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. These stimuli play a crucial role in the perception of flavor, with gustatory sensations contributing to basic tastes like sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, and olfactory sensations enhancing the overall taste experience through aroma.
Yes, sensory receptors do fire action potentials in response to stimuli.
Sensory receptors detect changes in the environment known as stimuli. These receptors are specialized cells that send signals to the brain or spinal cord in response to specific types of stimuli such as light, sound, pressure, or chemical signals.