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Correlational research is beneficial because it helps researchers to see the relationship between two or more things. It helps narrow down possible causes for diseases, behaviors, etc. or factors that may increase/decrease ones chance for having a given disease, behavior, etc. For example, discovering the correlation between smoking and cancer has led to much research and literature informing individuals who smoke of their increased chance of developing cancer.

However, correlational studies can be disadvantageous as well. It is important to know the distinction between "correlation" and "causation." They are not the same. Just because two factors are correlated does not mean that one caused the other. For example, we may see that there is a positive correlation between drowning and ice cream sales (that is, the number of drownings increases as the number of ice cream sales increase). Does this mean that ice cream causes drowning? No; perhaps it is just because it is summertime and people are more likely to buy ice cream, just as they are more likely to go swimming. It is important to take these other factors into account.

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