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What is the difference between the innate immune response and the acquired immune response?
The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. The acquired immune response is more specialized and involves the activation of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes that target specific pathogens based on memory from past exposures.
Explain the difference between innate response and an acquired response?
The innate immune response is the body's immediate, non-specific defense mechanism against infections. It is always ready to respond to invaders. The acquired immune response is specific to a particular pathogen and involves the production of antibodies and memory cells for long-term protection. It takes time to develop but provides a targeted defense against specific pathogens.
What is ment by natural immunity?
Natural immune response that body adopts from the birth also known as Innate Immune.
What are the differences between the classical and alternative pathways in the context of immune response activation?
The classical pathway is part of the innate immune response and is activated by specific molecules on pathogens. The alternative pathway is also part of the innate immune response but is activated by different molecules. Both pathways lead to the activation of the complement system, which helps to eliminate pathogens from the body.
What are the key differences between the classical pathway and the alternative pathway in the immune response?
The classical pathway is part of the adaptive immune response and is triggered by specific antibodies binding to pathogens. The alternative pathway is part of the innate immune response and is activated by the presence of foreign substances on the surface of pathogens.
How do cells involved in the innate immune response detect the presence of pathogens?
Cells involved in the innate immune response detect the presence of pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize specific molecular patterns commonly found on pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). When a PRR on a cell binds to a PAMP, it triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of the innate immune response, including the production of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of other immune cells to the site of infection.
What is innate stimulus?
An innate stimulus is a type of stimulus that triggers a natural, automatic response in an organism without the need for prior learning or experience. These responses are typically genetically programmed and can vary among different species.
Do t cells respond to antigens by secreting complements?
No, T cells respond to antigens by directly destroying infected cells or by producing cytokines to help coordinate the immune response. Complements are a group of proteins that are part of the innate immune response and are mainly secreted by macrophages and other immune cells to help enhance the immune response.
What immune system is activated if the innate immune system is unable to control the infection?
The adaptive immune system is activated if the innate immune system is unable to control the infection.
What is the immune response mediated by naive lymphocytes that occurs on first exposure to antigens?
The pattern recognition receptors check for pathogen patterns, which decides if the innate immune system should be activated.
What occurs when the innate immune system is attempting to flush a specific area with phagocytes?
When the innate immune system is attempting to flush a specific area with phagocytes, it initiates an inflammatory response. This response involves the release of chemical signals that attract phagocytes to the site of infection or injury. The phagocytes then engulf and destroy pathogens, helping to eliminate the threat.
Are toll-like receptors considered part of the innate immune system or the adaptive immune system?
Toll-like receptors are part of the innate immune system.
