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An increase in cardiac output (heart rate x stroke volume) is the main acute compensatory mechanism. There is also constriction of blood vessels to increase total peripheral resistance and maintain central bp. In the more long term, activation of the renin-angiotensin system helps to maintain fluids by reabsorbing sodium and water, releasing aldosterone and promoting thirst. Organs like the liver and the spleen, which act as blood stores, contract to put more blood into circulation. Blood is also diverted away from all systems not considered vital.

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