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Breathing involves two primary processes: inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles expand the rib cage, creating negative pressure that draws air into the lungs. Exhalation occurs when the diaphragm relaxes and the rib cage returns to its original position, forcing air out of the lungs. This cycle facilitates gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled.

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