What caused smallpox in Victorian times?

Answer 1

In Victorian times, smallpox was caused by the variola virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. The lack of effective sanitation, crowded living conditions, and limited medical knowledge contributed to the disease's prevalence. Vaccination efforts, particularly after the introduction of Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century, began to reduce the incidence of the disease, though outbreaks still occurred throughout the 19th century. Public health measures and awareness gradually improved as the century progressed.