Hands, urine and stools.
Bacterial contamination will cause no effects if the sample is tested directly after collection. However, if the sample is allowed to sit, bacteria will multiply and raise the urine pH. Urine pH above 8 is abnormal.
Catheter urine is more "sanitary" than regular urine. Because it is collected from the bladder, and doesn't "touch" the external skin, it is less prone to skin contamination.
Dehydration
The top of a urine test bottle that starts with "L" is likely the lid, which is the cover that seals the bottle to prevent leakage or contamination of the urine sample.
contamination
Insulin affects the concentration of glucose in the urine.
The most usual cause of blood in the urine is a kidney stone.
The chemicals in the urine
Matt dobbins
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The earth's waters continue to see increasing levels of contamination. The main three causes of this contamination is runoff from farms and industry, bacteria, and excess soil.