What causes parkinsons disease?

Answer 1

Parkinson's disease is caused by progressive impairment or deterioration of neurons (or the nerve cells) in a particular area of the brain known as the substantia nigra. When working normally, these neurons produce a vital brain chemical known as dopamine. Dopamine acts as a chemical messenger allowing communication between the substantia nigra and an area called the corpus striatum. This communication coordinates smooth and balanced muscle movement. A lack of dopamine will result in abnormal nerve functioning. This can cause a loss in the ability to control body movements.

While there are many speculations including genetics, prolonged environmental chemical or substance exposure, oxidative stress and more, the reason behind why the neurons become impaired is currently not known.

Parkinson disease is caused by reduced levels of the hormone dopamine.

The exact cause for the reduction in Dopamine levels is unknown but environmental chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides are believed to increase the risk of developing the disease.

It can also develop as a side effect of treatment with some antipsychotic drugs, or as an outcome of severe carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Answer 2

The part of the brain involved in this disorder is the Substancia Nigra. There is dopamine deficiency and this manifests in pill-rolling tremors and rigidity. This is treated by drugs like Levodopa.