The rise in pressure inside the ventricles, when the walls of the ventricles contract.
the valves close
AV valves close
The aortic pressure increases and the AV valves close.
The bicupid and tricuspid valves close during ventricular contraction. This prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
As the ventricles of the heart contract the pressure in the ventricles rises beyond that of the atria. This pressure differential causes the AV valves to shut.
The heart valves- the bicuspid and tricuspid valves- are there to prevent blood from back-welling into the atria after atrial systole (contraction). Once the atria have filled the ventricles of the heart with blood, the valves close- making the "heartbeat sound." The ventricles can then contract. If these valves didn't exist, then the blood would flow back into the atria, and you'd probably have a colossal heart attack and die. Isn't Biology a cheery subject?!
By minute electrical singles produced by the heart itself to open and close the valves.
In late diastole (relaxation phase), the semilunar (pocket) valves close, due to decreasing arterial pressure, to prevent blood flowing back into the ventricles. These stay closed during atrial systole. (But open again during ventricular systole.)Then, as the ventricles contract during ventricular systole, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close to prevent blood from flowing back to the atria.So, it really depends on which phase of the contraction we are looking at.(Ed: format)
The "lub-dub" sounds of the heart, heard with a stethoscope, are caused by the closure of the heart valves. The "lub" (first sound) occurs when the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) close during ventricular contraction (systole). The "dub" (second sound) happens when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) close at the end of ventricular contraction (diastole). These sounds reflect the rhythmic pumping action of the heart and the movement of blood through the cardiac cycle.
The difference between lub and dub (The heart sounds S1 and S2 of a heartbeat) is that the lub occurs when atrioventricular valves close, and dub occurs when the aortic and pulmonary valves close (valves leading out of the heart from the left and right ventricles).
At the end of ventricular systole, the ventricles relax; the semilunar valves snap shut, preventing backflow, and momentary, the ventricles are closed chambers. The aortic semilunar valves snaps shut, a momentary increase in the aortic pressure results from the elastic recoil of the aorta after valves closure.
Some murmurs are caused by heart valves that do not close completely.