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The immune system is generally split into two branches the innate and adaptive immune systems. The innate side, which responds quickly to tissue injury and infection, is made up of proteins found in the blood and cells. These cells are nuetrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Recent work has also shown that other cells types not normally thought of as being "immune cells" such as epithelial cells have important immune functions.

The cells of the adaptive immune response are those that respond to infections much later and are responsible for protection from repeated infections. These include T cells and B cells. These cells will be turned on by the innate immune system, then divide and attack whatever they are specific for.

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