Pathogens can cause disease in the human body by invading tissues, releasing toxins, and triggering an immune response that can damage healthy cells and tissues.
The body's defense system literally eats invading pathogens during the immune response known as phagocytosis. In this process, specialized white blood cells called phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest harmful microorganisms and debris. This mechanism is a crucial part of the innate immune response, helping to eliminate infections and maintain overall health.
Immune system,
The white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens is called a neutrophil. Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte, which means they engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. They are an important part of the body's immune response to infections.
The macrophages are typically the first cells to detect and respond to invading germs in the body. They are part of the innate immune system and are able to recognize and engulf pathogens to initiate an immune response.
Nosodes are homeopathic remedies made from diluted substances that are believed to trigger the body's immune response. When taken, nosodes are thought to stimulate the body's natural healing mechanisms by helping the immune system recognize and combat specific pathogens or disease patterns.
Immunity.
Allergic reactions and parasitic infections can stimulate eosinophil production, as these conditions trigger an immune response that involves the increased recruitment and activation of eosinophils to help combat the invading allergens or parasites.
T cells activate B cells by recognizing antigens on the surface of the B cells and releasing signaling molecules called cytokines. These cytokines stimulate the B cells to divide and produce antibodies to fight off the invading pathogens.
Introduction of altered antigens involves exposing the immune system to modified versions of antigens to trigger an immune response without causing disease. This approach can be used in vaccine development to stimulate immune memory and protection against specific pathogens or diseases. Altered antigens can include weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens, as well as genetically engineered antigens.
Lymphokines do not attack macrophages. Lymphokines are molecules released by activated T cells to regulate the immune response, while macrophages are immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens. However, some lymphokines can stimulate macrophages to be more effective in phagocytosis and killing of pathogens.
The first part of the immune system to respond to an invading pathogen is the innate immune system. This includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils that quickly recognize and attack pathogens. These cells utilize pattern recognition receptors to identify common features of pathogens, leading to a rapid inflammatory response. This initial defense occurs before the more specialized adaptive immune response kicks in.