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The condition that results in the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, the LES fails to close properly, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Other factors that can contribute to LES dysfunction include obesity, pregnancy, certain medications, and hiatal hernia.

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