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The fatty layer of a neuron, known as the myelin sheath, serves to insulate the axon and enhance the speed of electrical impulses traveling along the nerve cell. This insulation allows for faster signal transmission through a process called saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between gaps known as nodes of Ranvier. Additionally, the myelin sheath protects the axon from damage and helps maintain the integrity of the nerve signal.

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3mo ago

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