Calcitonin injections have no effect on vertebral bone density...it is anticipated when doing the experiment that there would be...but there is not. (Marieb)
Higher bone density
Administration of saline injections had no pharmacological effect on the control rat since saline does not contain any active drug. The control rat would not experience any physiological changes or behavioral effects from receiving saline injections.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin. Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on bone metabolism, with calcitonin working to decrease calcium levels in the blood, while PTH works to increase calcium levels.
the parathyroid hormone parathormone
Parathyroid hormone opposes the effect of calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels. It removes calcium from its storage sites in bones and releases it into the bloodstream.
It might be one of the side effects of the injections (nausea or vomiting). Check with the veterinarian who gave your dog the injections to see if this is a normal reaction, like a side effect, or something much more serious.
Parathyroid which: "breaks down" bones to increase blood calcium levels
Injections of saline do not change a rat's vertebral bone density. This is known because the T score is unchanged after the injections.
Injections into muscles, known as intramuscular injections, are performed to deliver medications directly into the bloodstream more quickly than with oral administration. This method is often used for vaccines, hormones, and certain medications that need to be absorbed rapidly or in larger volumes. Muscles have a good blood supply, which facilitates faster absorption, and the injection can provide a longer-lasting effect compared to other routes. Additionally, some substances are irritating to tissues and are better tolerated in muscle than in subcutaneous tissue.
The primary side effect of nitroglycerin administration is headache due to the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. This side effect is usually mild and temporary.
no it was only in effect from 1935 to 1943
IM means Intramuscular route of drug administration, while IV means Intraveinal route of drug administration. IV route, takes the drug directly into the bloodstream resulting in 100% bioavailability instantly. Where as in IM route, drug is injected into muscle tissues, which holds the drug for a while and gradually releases into the bloodstream through the network bed of capillaries running across or surrounding the muscle tissue. In IM, the bioavailability may be slightly less than 100% of drug due to diffusion from muscle through tissue fluid and into the blood.