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Metformin is thought to make the body more sensitive to insulin, so that there is less need to overproduce your own insulin. How it does this is not really known.

Metformin also is thought to reduce gluconeogenesis, the process whereby your liver can synthesize glucose.

It's principal mechanism is to make the body use existing insulin more efficiently, which does result in lower glucose levels for type II diabetics.

However, Metformin is being studied as a Caloric Restriction mimetic in normal people. In this case, glucose levels would not necessarily be lowered, however insulin secretion will be lowered.

Caloric restriction is the process of slowing aging through reduced energy intake. Some of the markers of this include reduced serum insulin levels. Since this is the purpose of Metformin, studies are underway to see if metformin slows aging. Research on nematodes and rats shows metformin does increase lifespan in these animals.

Metformin can cause lactic acidosis in patients with poor renal function.

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