Live load or the live force
The force that causes extra stress on a structure is typically external loads such as wind, snow, earthquakes, or the weight of the structure itself. These forces can lead to deformation, displacement, or failure of the structure if they exceed its capacity to resist them.
The stress force that causes a mass of rock to pull or twist in opposite directions is called tension. Shearing is the stress force that causes a mass of rock to pull or twist in opposite directions.
The stress that causes strike-slip faults is produced by a shearing force and so is called shear stress.
The three factors that determine the effect of a force in a structure are the magnitude of the force applied, the direction of the force in relation to the structure, and the point of application of the force on the structure.
Pressure causes mechanical weathering by exerting force on rocks, leading to stress and cracks in the rock structure. Over time, the pressure causes the rocks to break down into smaller pieces. This process is known as stress release weathering.
Compressional Stress
When an applied force exceeds the rock's strength, it causes the rock to break. The stress from the force surpasses the rock's ability to withstand it, leading to fractures and ultimately the rock splitting or breaking apart. This process is influenced by factors such as the type of rock, its structure, and the direction of the force applied.
A force applied to a structure can cause deformation, stress, or movement. If the force exceeds the structural strength, it can lead to failure or collapse. Strengthening the structure or redistributing the load can help mitigate the effects of the force.
The force of tectonic plate movement, which causes rocks to collide and shift, can add energy to rocks. This movement generates heat and pressure, causing rocks to change in composition and structure.
The stress that causes strike-slip faults is produced by a shearing force and so is called shear stress.
An example of a force that acts from the outside of a structure is wind force. Wind can exert pressure on the exterior surfaces of a structure, causing stress and potential damage if not properly accounted for in the design and construction.
The force which changes the dimension of the object such as length, volume or which changes the shape is known as deforming force