Endemic typhus is carried by fleas.
There was no vaccine for endemic typhus in the great war.
Endemic typhus, caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi, is primarily transmitted to humans through fleas that infest rats or other rodents. Murine typhus is essentially another name for endemic typhus, specifically referring to the disease as it is associated with murine (rodent) hosts. Both terms describe the same illness characterized by fever, headache, and rash, but "endemic" emphasizes its ongoing presence in specific geographic areas.
The causative bacteria is called Rickettsia typhi.
Flea
Mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, mites (correct
Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonie, Yersinia pestisRickesttsia prowazekii-the endemic typhus bacteria
Prevention for each of these forms of typhus includes avoidance of the insects that carry the causative bacteria. Other preventive measures include good hygiene and the use of insect repellents.
There is no widely used vaccine specifically for typhus disease, as the disease is often controlled through public health measures such as improving sanitation and hygiene. However, a vaccine for epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii is available but is rarely used outside of outbreak situations. For murine (endemic) typhus, no vaccine exists, and prevention relies mainly on controlling the rat and flea populations that transmit the disease.
The exact number of people infected with typhus varies by region and time, but it is estimated that typhus affects hundreds of thousands of people each year, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowded living conditions. The two main types of typhus—epidemic and endemic—affect different populations, with epidemic typhus often occurring during times of war or natural disasters. Global health organizations monitor outbreaks, but comprehensive data can be challenging to obtain due to underreporting in some areas.
When a flea lands on a human, it may defecate as it feeds. When the person scratches the itchy spot where the flea was feeding, the bacteria-laden feces are scratched into the skin, thus causing infection.
The symptoms appear then days after the victems has been infected, they include high fever, pain in the muscles and joints, stiffness, headache, and cerebral disturbance. About the fifth day of the disease, a dark-red rash of elevated spots breaks out on the trunk and shoulders and then spreads to the rest of the body.
It will be endemic to Orissa.