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Under cut: groove formed along the edges of welding bead, thereby reducing the thickness of base metal

Cracks: Discontinuity in the weld zone

Porosity: Holes in the weld metal caused by the entrapment of gas

Slag inclusion: An entrapment of slag or other foreign metal actually inside the weld metal

Lack of penetration: Lack of weld metal actually entering the parent

Lack of fusion: Lack of thorough and complete mixing between filler metal and base metal

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