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Edwards Syndrome, aka trisomy 18, is a genetic defect that can impair fetal development in many ways. It is almost always fatal, either before or shortly after birth, because it causes structural deformities within the fetus. It is caused by an extra 18th chromosome on one of the gametes, yielding a total of 47 chromosomes in the cells of the fertilized zygote.

Of the approximately 1% of Edwards-afflicted live births that survive infancy, practically all have a form of the defect that affected only a minority of the body's cells.

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