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The mitral valve is located between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). In normal circulation, oxygenated blood comes from the lungs into the LA, Whe the LA contracts, the blood goes into the LV. When the LV contracts, the blood is pumped into the aorta for circulation throughout the body. The mitral valve prevents blood from going back up to the LA from the LV during ventricular contraction. Mitral regurgitation is when the mitral valve does not close properly during ventricular contraction, and allows blood to go back up to the LA.

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