vaccine
antibiotics
do you mean antigens? An antigen is any (foreign) substance that stimulates an immune reaction.
The molecules on pathogens that enable the immune system to distinguish one kind of pathogen from another are called antigens. Antibodies destroy pathogens by binding to the antigens on the pathogen.
In medicine, the locus where a pathogen can enter would be any part of the body or surface that is moist. This includes the eyes, the nose and the mouth.
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are a set of class-specific molecules constitutively expressed in pathogens. They may be made of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and/or nucleic acid. They may be located inside of outside the pathogen.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are marker molecules on cells that the immune system uses to recognize pathogens. MHC molecules present fragments of pathogens on the cell surface to alert immune cells to the presence of the pathogen. This helps the immune system to target and eliminate infected cells.
A vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies against a specific disease causing pathogen. This makes the body able to fight off that disease.
When the human body mobilizes its defenses against a pathogen, it recognizes the pathogen by identifying specific molecules on its surface called antigens. The immune system then mounts a response by producing antibodies that target and neutralize the pathogen, as well as activating immune cells to attack and destroy the pathogen. This orchestrated immune response is crucial for fighting off infections and maintaining health.
Inoculation helps our health by introducing a small, weakened form of a pathogen to our immune system. This stimulates our body to produce antibodies that can fight off the specific pathogen, preparing our immune system to respond quickly and effectively if we are exposed to the real, potentially harmful pathogen in the future.
The administration of a vaccine stimulates the body to produce a longer lasting type of immunity called "adaptive immunity." This type of immunity involves the production of specific antibodies and memory cells that provide long-term protection against the targeted pathogen.
A dead form of a pathogen that stimulates an immune response is known as an inactivated or killed vaccine. These vaccines contain pathogens that have been killed or inactivated so they cannot cause disease but are still able to elicit an immune response. This process helps the immune system recognize and remember the pathogen, providing protection against future infections. Examples include the polio vaccine and the hepatitis A vaccine.
They look for pathogen specific or pathogen associated proteins presented by MHC molecules. However the also need interactions by co-receptors. These co-receptors are only expressed it the cells are exposed to pathogen associated molecular paterns. Ermm, that might not be the best answer but I hope you get the idea...