Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular condition characterized by the buildup of plaque—composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances—on the walls of arteries. This plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Atherosclerosis can be influenced by factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and Diabetes. Lifestyle changes and medical treatments are often necessary to manage and reduce its progression.