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In the stomach, the folds (rugae) are there so that the stomach can expand under the influence of parasympathetic stimulation and stretching by the ingestion of food. This process is known as accommodation. There are permanent rugae forming a trough to direct fluids towards the pyloric sphincter in the absence of the ingestion of solid food.

In the small intestines, the folds (plicae circulares) are one of many ways that the body increases surface area to improve the digestion (at the brushborder) and absorption of nutrients. In the large intestines, the haustral folds slow the progress of feces to improve reabsorption of water and sodium.

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