It's called an armed merchantman.
The first public armed vessel built of iron was the Michigan, launched on the Great Lakes in 1843.
A single-masted sailing vessel is called a 'sloop-rigged' vessel.
Duyfken is the name of his vessel
A ship is often called a vessel. However, many vases are also called vessels.
Prow
Amidship
pirogue
armada
It is called a glaze.
Give-way vessel
The central opening of a vessel is called the lumen. It is the hollow space within the vessel that allows for the passage of fluids, such as blood in blood vessels or sap in plant vessels.