Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, leading to the formation of plaques. This buildup narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Factors contributing to atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and Diabetes. Lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures can help manage and treat the condition.