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This is an old technique used to isolate attenuated organisms for use in vaccine development.

Attenuation refers to rendering an organism (bacteria or virus) less virulent or pathogenic (less dangerous to humans). This is accomplished by infecting one animal, taking the infection from that animal to infect the next, and so on in a controlled manner. After several passages, the bacteria or virus is adapted to live in the animal host and not in humans and so can sometimes work as a vaccine.

An example of this is the smallpox vaccine which was attenuated in cattle.

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